What is climate change?
Over the past decade, global temperatures have been about 1.2°C warmer on average than at the end of the 19th century. The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) confirmed that 2015 – 2024 were the warmest ten years on record. Between January and September 2024, global surface temperature was 1.54 °C above the pre-industrial average. Long-term changes in temperature and weather conditions are called climate change. They include changes not only in temperature but also in wind patterns or precipitation over periods of 30 years or more. The consequences are far-reaching, affecting ecosystems and humankind. Tackling climate change requires a coordinated effort on a global scale, including reducing emissions globally, implementing sustainable practices, and supporting or financing adaptation efforts.
What are the causes of climate change?
Natural events such as volcanic activity, changes in solar radiation, and natural sources of CO2 have little impact on climate change. According to the United Nations, the main drivers of climate change are human activities such as industrial processes, deforestation, or agricultural practices. Before the Industrial Revolution began in the mid-1800s, the planet’s average temperature was around 14°C. When humans started burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, many harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were released into the air and continue to pollute it today. The main greenhouse gases next to carbon dioxide (CO2) are methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide. These emissions trap heat in the atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise.
What are the effects of climate change?
The effects of climate change are profound, affecting the planet and human life. Global warming threatens ecological systems, leading to biodiversity loss as many species struggle to adapt to changing conditions. Melting polar ice is raising sea levels, threatening coastal communities and small island states. Rising temperatures lead to extreme weather, including more intense and frequent hurricanes, droughts, and heat waves. Other negative impacts of climate change include water scarcity and wildfires, which affect human life and disrupt agricultural productivity.
How can we combat climate change?
As our planet heats up, mitigating climate change requires coordinated efforts globally. International cooperation and policymaking play a critical role in addressing this global challenge, with the ultimate intention of limiting global warming to well below two degrees Celsius as defined in the Paris Agreement. Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower are important to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, energy efficiency measures, such as improved building insulation and advanced manufacturing processes, can significantly reduce overall energy consumption. Companies that want to help tackle climate change can invest in responsible, high-quality climate projects that avoid or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, nature-based solutions such as afforestation, reforestation, and regeneration (ARR) projects absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while sustainable infrastructure projects help reduce the carbon intensity of energy, transport, and industry.