Theory of change

In western Tanzania, the Ntakata Mountains Project protects 216,944 hectares of threatened community-owned miombo woodland by implementing a REDD-based natural climate solution. In a country where 1–2% of forests are lost each year, largely due to economic necessity, the project combats deforestation by making standing forests more valuable in the long term than if they were cleared.

By preventing the loss of over 1.2 million trees each year, the project avoids around 550,000 tonnes of CO₂ emissions annually, while safeguarding vital ecosystem services on which local farming communities depend, including water regulation, soil fertility, and climate resilience. The protected forests also conserve high-quality habitats for endangered species such as the eastern chimpanzee.

The revenue of carbon credits generated through avoided deforestation is reinvested directly into forest protection, community employment and local development. By combining community-led forest governance, climate finance and biodiversity conservation, the Ntakata Mountains Project creates a self-reinforcing model where healthy forests, stable livelihoods and climate mitigation outcomes are mutually sustained over the long term.

Climate change mitigation

Deforestation accounts for around 70% of Tanzania’s national carbon dioxide emissions. The Ntakata Mountains Project addresses this issue head on by preventing deforestation of community-owned forest. By avoiding deforestation, the project prevents around 550,000 tonnes of CO₂ emissions each year, while enabling forests to continue sequestering carbon.

Beyond its global climate impact, the project delivers local benefits by linking forest protection with livelihoods. Revenues from carbon credits support community-led conservation, job creation and sustainable development, showing how forest conservation, one of the most cost-effective solutions for mitigating climate change, can generate tangible climate, social and economic benefits while reversing Tanzania’s ongoing forest loss.

• Tropical forest conservation
• Protecting endangered species
• Creating sustainable income streams

Theory of change

The Greater Gola Landscape, spanning Sierra Leone and Liberia, is one of the largest remaining areas of Upper Guinean rainforest and a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot. Rapid economic development, combined with high dependence on natural resources, is placing increasing pressure on this ecosystem through agriculture, mining and logging.

The Gola Rainforest National Park addresses this challenge as Sierra Leone’s first rainforest national park and its first large-scale REDD project within a protected area. As a flagship conservation initiative, the project protects critical forest ecosystems, prevents deforestation and safeguards habitat for 60 globally threatened species, while maintaining essential ecosystem services and carbon storage.

Long-term conservation is achieved by linking forest protection with sustainable livelihoods. In a region where up to 90% of livelihoods depend on natural resources, the project supports environmentally sustainable income opportunities, such as small-scale cocoa farming that works in harmony with the forest. This integrated approach reduces pressure on the rainforest while strengthening community resilience and ensuring lasting climate and biodiversity impact.

Climate change mitigation

The Gola REDD+ Project, the first REDD initiative of its kind in West Africa, was launched in 2013 to deliver climate change mitigation in the Gola Rainforest.

As an Avoided Emissions project, Gola measures the amount of carbon saved by preventing deforestation within the protected area. Through sustainable forest management, around 19 million tonnes of carbon are stored in the rainforest each year, reducing emissions by approximately 500,000 tonnes of CO₂e compared to a scenario without the project. The carbon credits are CCB Double Gold certified.

• Rainforest conservation
• Protecting endangered species
• Creating sustainable income streams

Theory of change

The Davidson County Landfill captures methane gas (CH4) emissions and converts them into usable renewable energy thus mitigating the environmental impact and indirectly contributing to CO2 reductions. The project is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing methane from from landfill gas via a power generator and an open flare.

Climate change mitigation

The project contributes to climate change mitigation by destroying methane that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere. This is done by redirecting the landfill gas to either a single open flare or an electricity generator, rather than releasing it into the atmosphere.

• Improved health and well-being for humans
• Proofen performance standard eligibility
• Additionallity confirmed by external audits

Theory of change

There are 31 sets of wind turbines in operation in the project. The installed capacity of the Salkhit wind farm is 49.6 MW of renewable energy generation. It supplies 168.5 GWh to the grid annually, replacing the same amount of electricity generated by fossil fuel-fired power plants.

Climate change mitigation

As the first wind farm in Mongolia, the project aims to generate renewable electricity from wind power resources and supply it to the Central Electricity System Grid. The project avoids emissions equivalent to 190.405 tCO2 per year. 

• First wind power in Mongolia
• Around 190k t CO2 avoided per year
• 50 MW renewable energy generation

Theory of change

In a healthy state, peatlands are carbon sinks that support a wide range of biodiversity. However, in degraded condition, they become sources of carbon.

80% of Scotland’s peatlands are degraded and are the fifth biggest source of emissions in the country. The Carroglen Estate has been significantly degraded, with extensive areas of actively eroding peat systems and frequent bare patches. The project supports a peatland rehabilitation programme managed by Caledonian Climate Partners involving reprofiling bare banks on exposed slopes, flooding large bare areas using peat and timber dams, and plugging artificial drains in order to restore bogs.

Climate change mitigation

The project addresses the factors causing land degradation and restores natural peatland ecosystems, which account for 15% of Scotland’s carbon emissions.

Restoring these ecosystems is crucial to reducing emissions. This contributes to climate change mitigation. The project transforms peatlands from sources of carbon emissions into carbon sinks. Restoration brings immediate emission reductions and improves the habitat for invertebrates, amphibians, birds and small mammals.

• Preservation of cultural heritage
• Enhanced water management
• 100-year project duration

Theory of change

The Manoa project has implemented measures to prevent illegal encroachment, deforestation and degradation within its area. These measures are primarily implemented through forest management activities. These activities ensure a strong physical presence and effective stewardship within the farm’s boundaries.

Climate change mitigation

The project aims to prevent deforestation on 22,118 hectares of land, thereby avoiding the release of 8,378,697 tonnes of CO₂e into the atmosphere.

• Carbon revenue investment for education
• Forest protection in high deforestation area
• Biodiversity hotspots